ABSTRACT
Three new ursane-type triterpenoids, 3-oxours-12-en-20, 28-olide (1), 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-20, 28-olide (2) and 3β-hydroxyurs-11, 13(18)-dien-20, 28-olide (3), were isolated from a potent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial fraction of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments, MS data and comparisons with literature reports. Compounds 1-3 exhibited significantly inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, but no antibacterial activity was found at a concentration of 128 μg·mL-1.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Rosmarinus , Triterpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The therapeutic effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) or RE on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory in Parkinsonian rats were investigated. Male rats were lesioned by bilateral intra-nigral injections of 6-OHDA and divided into six groups: 1. Lesion 2 and 3: RE and water groups were lesioned rats pretreated with RE or water, from 2weeks before neurotoxin injection and treated once a day for 8weeks post lesion. 4&5: Cell and α-MEM (α-minimal essential médium) received intravenous injection of BrdU-labeled ADSCs or medium, respectively from 10days post lesion until 8weeks later. 6: Sham was injected by saline instead of neurotoxin. Memory was assessed using Morris water Maze (MWM), one week before and at 1, 4 and 8weeks post 6-OHDA lesion. After the last probe, the animals were sacrificed and brain tissue obtained. Paraffin sections were stained using cresyl violet, anti-BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine / 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine), anti-GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) and anti-TH antibodies. There was a significant difference of time spent in the target quadrant between groups during probe trial at 4 and 8 weeks' post- lesion. Cell and RE groups spent a significantly longer period in the target quadrant and had lower latency as compared with lesion. Treated groups have a significantly higher neuronal density in hippocampus compared to water, α-MEM and lesion groups. BrdU positive cells were presented in lesioned sites. The GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) positive cells were reduced in treated and sham groups compared to the water, α-MEM and lesion groups. Oral administration of RE (Rosemary extract) or ADSCs injection could improve memory deficit in the Parkinsonian rat by neuroprotection.
Subject(s)
Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Rosmarinus , Stem Cell Transplantation , Memory Disorders/therapy , Morris Water Maze Test , HippocampusABSTRACT
The food industry and the frozen fish sector in particular have benefitted greatly from advancements in food processing technologies. This study investigated the effect of adding natural antioxidants such as rosemary and thyme oil to frozen fillets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in order to preserve their quality for consumers. Fillets were treated with rosemary and thyme at two concentrations (1% and 1.5%) and then were stored at 4°C. Samples were analyzed over 4 days for bacteriological (aerobic plate count, psychotropic count, and coliform count), chemical (determination of pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-TBARS, and total volatile base nitrogen-TVB-N), and sensory quality examination (color, texture, and odor). Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed among different groups in terms of aerobic plate count, psychotropic count, and coliform count during the storage. Moreover, pH, TVB-N, and TBARS mean values in the treated groups were lower than those in the untreated group. The best sensory quality was obtained at the highest concentrations (1.5%) of thyme and rosemary oil.(AU)
A indústria de alimentos e o setor de peixes congelados, em particular, se beneficiaram dos avanços nas tecnologias de processamento de alimentos. Este estudo investigou o efeito da adição de antioxidantes naturais, como óleo de alecrim e tomilho, a filetes congelados de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), a fim de preservar sua qualidade para os consumidores. Os filés foram tratados com alecrim e tomilho em duas concentrações (1% e 1,5%) e, em seguida, foram armazenados a 4°C. As amostras foram analisadas durante 4 dias para análises bacteriológicas (contagem de placas aeróbicas, psicotrópicas e coliformes), químicas (determinação do pH, substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico-TBARS e nitrogênio base volátil total-TVB-N) e exame da qualidade sensorial (cor, textura e odor). Diferenças significativas (P<0,05) foram observadas entre os diferentes grupos na contagem aeróbia de placas, contagem psicotrópica e contagem de coliformes durante o armazenamento. Além disso, os valores médios de pH, TVB-N e TBARS nos grupos tratados foram inferiores aos do grupo não tratado. A melhor qualidade sensorial foi obtida nas maiores concentrações (1,5%) de tomilho e óleo de alecrim.(AU)
Subject(s)
Rosmarinus , Thymus Plant , Food Storage/methods , Meat/analysis , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis , Cichlids , Frozen Foods/analysisABSTRACT
Abstract Phenolic compounds are one of the main groups of secondary metabolites in plants and are known for their antioxidant activity. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) contains different phenolic compounds including carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid. In Cuba, rosemary cultivation is limited because it is difficult to propagate and has a low yield. As a result, it was removed from the Herbal Medicine National Formulary. However, the National Public Health System has a strong interest in rosemary because of its value as a natural antioxidant medicine. Irrigation with water treated with a static magnetic field (SMF) is a possible strategy to increase rosemary yield. This technology has been applied to accelerate plant growth and increase crop quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in aqueous leaf extracts from plants irrigated with SMF-treated water in comparison to control plants. Significant differences in phenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed between aqueous extracts of control plants and plants irrigated with SMF-treated water. Therefore, irrigation with SMF-treated water is a promising technology to improve the cultivation of rosemary as a raw material to obtain pharmaceutical products with high antioxidant activities.
Subject(s)
Rosmarinus/chemistry , Agricultural Irrigation/methods , Magnetic Fields , Antioxidants/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidABSTRACT
Abstract Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection (GIN) are the main constraint to the production of small ruminants. Studies of medicinal plants have been an important alternative in the effort to control these parasites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. The oil was extracted, analyzed by gas chromatography and tested on GIN eggs and larvae in six concentrations, 227.5mg/mL, 113.7mg/mL, 56.8mg/mL, 28.4mg/mL, 14.2mg/mL and 7.1mg/mL. To determine the ovicidal activity, GIN eggs were recovered from sheep feces and incubated for 48h with different concentrations of the oil. For the evaluation of larval migration, third-stage larvae (L3) were obtained by fecal culture, and associated with the essential oil for 24h at the same concentrations, after which they were left for another 24 hours on microsieves, followed by the count of migrating and non-migrating larvae. The assays of R. officinalis oil showed a significant (p<0.05) 97.4% to 100% inhibition of egg hatching and a significant (p<0.05) 20% to 74% inhibition of larval migration. The main constituent revealed by gas chromatography was Eucalyptol. The results indicate that R. officinalis essential oil has ovicidal and larvicidal activity on sheep GINs.
Resumo As infecções por nematódeos gastrintestinais (ING) constituem a maior limitação à produção de pequenos ruminantes. Na busca do controle desses parasitos, estudos com plantas medicinais têm sido uma importante alternativa. Visto isto, o estudo desenvolvido teve como objetivo avaliar a ação ovicida e larvicida in vitro do óleo essencial de Rosmarinus officinalis. O óleo foi extraído, analisado por cromatografia gasosa e testado sobre ovos e larvas de ING em seis concentrações, 227,5mg/mL; 113,7mg/mL; 56,8mg/mL; 28,4mg/mL; 14,2mg/mL; 7,1mg/mL. Para determinar a ação ovicida, ovos de ING foram recuperados de fezes de ovinos e incubados por 48h com as diferentes concentrações do óleo. Na avaliação da migração das larvas, as larvas de terceiro estágio (L3) foram obtidas por coprocultura, e associadas ao óleo essencial por 24h nas mesmas concentrações, permanecendo por mais 24h em microtamises, seguindo-se a contagem de larvas que migraram e que não migraram. Os testes in vitro com o óleo de R. officinalis mostraram o nível de significância (p<0.05) 97,4% a 100% na inibição da eclodibilidade e 20% a 74% na inibição da migração das larvas. Na análise por cromatografia gasosa o constituinte majoritário foi o eucaliptol. Os resultados apresentados mostram que o óleo essencial de R. officinalis possui ação ovicida e larvicida sobre ING de ovinos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Ovum/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Sheep/parasitology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rosmarinus/chemistry , Larva/drug effects , Nematoda/drug effects , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Chromatography, Gas , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Nematoda/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Background: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) contains active substances that have desirable properties for industrial and herbal medicine applications, e.g., essential oils (1.52.5%), tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, resins, phytosterols, rosmarinic acid and many others. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of rosemary extract and 20% rapeseed oil substitution for animal fat on storage changes and inhibition of cholinesterases in liver pâté. Results: Preliminary research showed that rosemary extract exhibited antioxidative activity in the system of accelerated Rancimat and Oxidograph tests. Then, rosemary extract was used as an ingredient in liver pâté. During the experiment, meat samples were refrigerated and tested on days 1, 5, 8, 12 and 15 after production. The study proved that the substitution of 20% of animal fat with rapeseed oil decreased the content of saturated acids and increased the content of monoenic fatty acids by approximately 5% and polyene fatty acids by 40%. Conclusions: In addition to antioxidative activity, the rosemary extract affected the health-promoting value of the samples, which inhibited cholinesterase activity during the entire storage period. The extract inhibited AChE more than BChE.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/chemistry , Cholinesterase Inhibitors , Rosmarinus/chemistry , Meat Products , Antioxidants/chemistry , Peroxides , Oils, Volatile , Fat Substitutes , Principal Component Analysis , Fatty Acids/analysis , Liver , Meat Products/microbiologyABSTRACT
O objetivo foi avaliar a microbiota dos filés de surubim (Pseudoplatystoma spp.) submetidos à defumação com alecrim. Foram coletados fragmentos dos filés para cada etapa de avaliação (in natura, salmoura e defumação em 2, 4, e 6 horas). Da salga para a defumação houve uma redução, no qual, os microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos diminuíram de 1,4x105UFC/g para 1,8x104 UFC/g nos filés sem alecrim e 1,4x104 UFC/g nos filés com alecrim e na contagem de microrganismos aeróbios psicrotróficos foi observada redução de 1,9x105UFC/g para 7,8x104 UFC/g nos filés sem alecrim e 2,6x104 UFC/g nos filés com alecrim. Portanto, os filés adicionados de alecrim apresentaram queda constante e mais brusca na contagem bacteriana e resultou em uma boa redução da carga bacteriana.
Subject(s)
Animals , Food Preservation/methods , Catfishes/microbiology , Fishes/microbiology , Rosmarinus/microbiology , Bacteriological Techniques/analysisABSTRACT
Abstract The present study was to investigate the action of a toothpaste made from the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (rosemary) in a clinical randomized, controlled, open and double-blind trial. One hundred and ten volunteers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly separated into two groups according to the toothpastes used: Group A (experimental) and Group B (control). They were assessed at baseline and 30 days after the study using the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and the plaque index (PI). Data analysis was conducted to calculate the effects of the two toothpastes on gingival bleeding and plaque, using measurements such as the excess relative risk (ERR), the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR), the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and the Number Needed for Treatment (NNT). The two toothpastes provided similar results in terms of the reduction in the risk of gingival bleeding (relative and absolute): a reduction of 38% in Group A, ERR=0.38; a reduction of 29.3% in Group B, ERR=0.293; A and B reduced by 18% ARR=0.18). The reductions in bacterial plaque were also similar (22.7% reduction in Group A, RRR=0.227; 28% reduction in Group B, RRR= 0.28). The number needed for treatment values for bleeding and plaque were A and B NNT=5 and A and B NNT=7, respectively. The rosemary-based toothpaste effectively treated gingival bleeding and reduced bacterial plaque, when compared with conventional toothpaste.
Resumo O presente estudo investigou a ação de uma pasta de dente feita a partir do extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (Alecrim) em um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado, aberto e duplo-cego. Cento e dez voluntários preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com as pastas usadas: Grupo A (experimental) e Grupo B (controle). Eles foram avaliados no início e 30 dias após o estudo usando o índice de sangramento gengival (GBI) e o índice de placa (PI). A análise dos dados foi realizada para calcular os efeitos das duas pastas dentárias sobre sangramento gengival e placa, usando medidas como o excesso de risco relativo (ERR), a Redução do Risco Relativo (RRR), a Redução do Risco Absoluto (ARR) e o Número Necessário para Tratamento (NNT). As duas pastas de dentes proporcionaram resultados semelhantes em termos de redução do risco de sangramento gengival (relativo e absoluto): redução de 38% no Grupo A, ERR=0,38; Uma redução de 29,3% no Grupo B, ERR=0,293; A e B reduziram-se em 18% ARR=0,18). As reduções na placa bacteriana também foram semelhantes (redução de 22,7% no Grupo A, RRR=0,227, redução de 28% no Grupo B, RRR=0,28). O número necessário para tratamento de sangramento e placa foi A e B NNT=5 e A e B NNT=7, respectivamente. A pasta de dente à base de alecrim tratou efetivamente o sangramento gengival e reduziu a placa bacteriana, quando comparada à pasta dentífrica convencional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Toothpastes , Rosmarinus , Gingivitis , Dental Plaque Index , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Objective: The resistance of fungi and bacteria to the available antimicrobials has increased and the development of alternative products to control them has become a very requirement. The use of plant products could be a viable option due to the efficacy, viability, and availability they present. Thereby, this study evaluated the effect of R. officinalis L. extract on C. albicans and S. mutans biofilms, by the total protein level analysis presented by the microorganisms. Material and Methods: For this purpose, monomicrobial biofilms were formed for 48 h and exposed to the R. officinalis L. extract for 5 min. Then, total protein quantification was performed by Lowry method. Results: The analysis showed significant total protein reduction of the biofilms after exposure to the plant extract, with 39 ± 11%, for C. albicans, and 32 ± 11%, for S. mutans. Conclusion: R. officinalis L. extract decreased the total protein level in both biofilms. Thus, C. albicans and S. mutans protein composition could be a target for action of antimicrobial agents. (AU)
Objetivo: A resistência de fungos e bactérias aos antimicrobianos disponíveis tem se elevado e o desenvolvimento de produtos alternativos para controlar micróbios tem se tornado uma necessidade real. A utilização de produtos de origem vegetal poderia ser uma opção viável, devido à eficácia, viabilidade e disponibilidade que apresentam. Sendo assim, este estudo avaliou o efeito do extrato de R. officinalis L. (alecrim) sobre biofilmes de C. albicans and S. mutans, analisando o nível de proteína total apresentada pelos micro-organismos. Material e Métodos: Para tanto, biofilmes monomicrobianos foram formados por 48 h e expostos ao extrato de R. officinalis L. por 5 min. Então, a quantificação de proteína total foi realizada por método de Lowry. Resultados: A análise demonstrou reduções significativas de proteína total de cada biofilme após exposição ao extrato, sendo 39 ± 11% no biofilme de C. albicans e 32 ± 11%, no caso de S. mutans. Conclusão: O extrato de R. officinalis L. diminuiu o nível de proteína total em ambos os biofilmes. Com isso, a composição proteica de C. albicans e S. mutans poderia ser um alvo para ação de agentes antimicrobianos. (AU)
Subject(s)
Streptococcus mutans , Candida albicans , Proteins , Rosmarinus , BiofilmsABSTRACT
Cisplatin and other platinum-based drugs are used frequently for treatment of lung cancer. However, their clinical performance are usually limited by drug resistance or toxic effects. Carnosic acid, a polyphenolic diterpene isolated from Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis), has been reported to have several pharmacological and biological activities. In the present study, the combination effect of cisplatin plus carnosic acid on mouse LLC (Lewis lung cancer) xenografts and possible underlying mechanism of action were examined. LLC-bearing mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection with cisplatin, oral gavage with carnosic acid, or combination with cisplatin and carnosic acid, respectively. Combination of carnosic acid and cisplatin yielded significantly better anti-growth and pro-apoptotic effects on LLC xenografts than drugs alone. Mechanistic study showed that carnosic acid treatment boosted the function of CD8 T cells as evidenced by higher IFN-γ secretion and higher expression of FasL, perforin as well as granzyme B. In the meantime, the proportion of MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in tumor tissues were reduced by carnosic acid treatment and the mRNA levels of iNOS2, Arg-1, and MMP9, which are the functional markers for MDSC, were reduced. In conclusion, our study proved that the functional suppression of MDSC by carnosic acid promoted the lethality of CD8 T cells, which contributed to the enhancement of anti-lung cancer effect of cisplatin.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Abietanes , Antineoplastic Agents , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cisplatin , Drug Synergism , Interferon-gamma , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Lung Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Genetics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Plant Extracts , Rosmarinus , ChemistryABSTRACT
El objetivo principal de la presente investigación fue evaluar si el aceite esencial de la hoja de Rosmarinus officinalis "romero" tenía efecto antimicrobiano frente a cepas de Escherichia coli ATCC25922 comparado con ciprofloxacino a dosis de 30 ug, en un estudio in vitro. Se utilizaron diluciones del aceite esencial de Rosmarinus officinalis al 25%, 50%, 75% y 100%, se consideró un control negativo con agua destilada. Se realizaron 11 repeticiones por cada grupo estudiado. Encontrándose efecto inhibitorio a la dilución del 100% (17.36mm, DS: 1.027 ± 0.310; IC 95%; 16.67-18.05) valores considerados como eficacia intermedia según la denominación CLSI (>21mm), no superando los valores alcanzados por el control positivo ciprofloxacino (29.82mm, DS: 0.982 ± 0.296; IC 95%; 29.16-30.48mm). Al 75% el efecto inhibitorio fue (12.64mm, DS: 1.027 ± 0.310; IC 95%; 11.95-13.33), al 50% fue (9.55mm, DS: 0.522 ± 0.157; IC 95%; 9.19-9.9mm), mientras que al 25% no se observó efecto antibacteriano. El análisis ANOVA fue altamente significativo (0.000) asimismo los grupos estudiados fueron homogéneos según la prueba de Tukey. Se concluye que se presentó cierto grado de inhibición sobre Escherichia coli ATCC25922, no superando el halo de inhibición del ciprofloxacino.
Subject(s)
Rosmarinus , Escherichia coli , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Plants, Medicinal , In Vitro Techniques , Medicine, TraditionalABSTRACT
Cisplatin and other platinum-based drugs are used frequently for treatment of lung cancer. However, their clinical performance are usually limited by drug resistance or toxic effects. Carnosic acid, a polyphenolic diterpene isolated from Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis), has been reported to have several pharmacological and biological activities. In the present study, the combination effect of cisplatin plus carnosic acid on mouse LLC (Lewis lung cancer) xenografts and possible underlying mechanism of action were examined. LLC-bearing mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection with cisplatin, oral gavage with carnosic acid, or combination with cisplatin and carnosic acid, respectively. Combination of carnosic acid and cisplatin yielded significantly better anti-growth and pro-apoptotic effects on LLC xenografts than drugs alone. Mechanistic study showed that carnosic acid treatment boosted the function of CD8 T cells as evidenced by higher IFN-γ secretion and higher expression of FasL, perforin as well as granzyme B. In the meantime, the proportion of MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in tumor tissues were reduced by carnosic acid treatment and the mRNA levels of iNOS2, Arg-1, and MMP9, which are the functional markers for MDSC, were reduced. In conclusion, our study proved that the functional suppression of MDSC by carnosic acid promoted the lethality of CD8 T cells, which contributed to the enhancement of anti-lung cancer effect of cisplatin.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cisplatin , Abietanes , Drug Synergism , Interferon-gamma , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Lung Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 , Genetics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Plant Extracts , Rosmarinus , ChemistryABSTRACT
RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un enjuague oral de extracto acuoso de Rosmarinus Officinalis (romero) sobre la cicatrización de heridas de mucosa oral en sujetos sanos. Veintiocho estudiantes, de sexo masculino, edad promedio de 22 años, fueron reclutados para un estudio de doble ciego en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile. Se creó una herida estándar de 3 mm de diámetro en la mucosa palatina, que fue fotografiada durante un período de 21 días para determinar su tamaño por fotoplanimetría. Los voluntarios recibieron enjuagues orales para ser utilizados a diario desde el día de creación de la herida, 3 veces al día, y fueron divididos en grupo control (enjuague placebo) y grupo experimental (enjuague de extracto de romero). El extracto acuoso de Romero fue analizado por HPLC, mostrando un alto contenido de carnosol (83 %) y ácido rosmarínico (65 %). Se observó una disminución significativa en el tamaño de la herida del grupo tratado con enjuague de romero comparado con el tratado con enjuague placebo al día 3 de cicatrización (20 %, p=0,046, Mann-Whitney). Posteriormente no se encontraron diferencias, completándose la cicatrización antes del día 21 para ambos grupos. Los resultados sugieren que el enjuagatorio de extracto acuoso de romero favorece la cicatrización temprana de las heridas, lo que puede deberse a su alto contenido de carnosol y ácido rosmarínico que han demostrado estimular la cicatrización y poseer actividad antimicrobiana.
ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a mouthrinse containing an aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) on healing wounds of the oral mucosa in healthy subjects. Twenty Eight healthy, non-smoking male students, mean age 22 years, were recruited for a double-blind study at the School of Dentistry of the University of Concepción, Chile. A standard 3mm wound was created on the palate with a punch biopsy. The wounds were photographed to assess healing for 21 days. The subjects were instructed to use a mouthrinse 3 times daily for 21 days, starting the day of wounding, and were divided into a control group (placebo) and an experimental group (rosemary extract). The aqueous rosemary extract used for the mouthrinse had a high content of carnosol (83 %) and rosmarinic acid (65 %) as determined by HPLC. We observed a 20 % reduction in wound size by day 3 in the rosemary mouthrinse group as compared to the placebo mouthrinse group (p=0.04, Mann Whitney). Thereafter, no significant differences in wound closure were observed. Healing was completed by day 21 in both groups. The results suggest that the mouthrinse containing the aqueous rosemary extract stimulates early healing of mucosal wounds. This could be due to the high content of carnosol and rosmarinic acid, which are known for their healing and antimicrobial properties.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Rosmarinus/chemistry , Mouth Mucosa/injuries , Wound Healing , Chile , Statistics, Nonparametric , Mouthwashes/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objetivo: No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito do extrato de alecrim sobre a viabilidade de biofilmes monomicrobianos de Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bem como, sobre biofilmes polimicrobianos de C. albicans associada com S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. mutans ou P. aeruginosa. Material e métodos: Em placa de microtitulação foram formados os biofilmes mono e polimicrobianos por 48 h. Em seguida, foram expostos por 5 min ao extrato de alecrim (200 mg/mL). Solução salina (NaCl 0,9%) foi utilizada como controle. Após, foram realizadas lavagens com salina para remoção de células não aderidas. Para verificação da viabilidade dos biofilmes, após o tratamento, foi aplicado o teste colorimétrico MTT. A absorbância dos poços foi lida em espectrofotômetro de microplacas (570 nm) e os dados foram convertidos em percentual de redução e analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e Tukey Test (P ≤ 0,05). Resultados: Após aplicação do extrato de alecrim, com exceção do biofilme de E. faecalis, foram observadas reduções significativas da viabilidade dos biofilmes monomicrobianos e polimicrobianos. Conclusão: Biofilmes monomicrobianos de C. albicans, S. aureus, S. mutans e P. aeruginosa, foram afetados pelo extrato de alecrim, bem como, os biofilmes polimicrobianos de C. albicans associada com S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. mutans ou P. aeruginosa em biofilmes polimicrobianos, apresentando significativas reduções de viabilidade.(AU)
Objective: This study evaluated the effect of rosemary extract on Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa monomicrobial biofilms viability, as well as on C. albicans associated with S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. mutans or P. aeruginosa in polymicrobial biofilms. Material and Methods: In microtiter plate, mono- and polymicrobial biofilms for 48 h were formed. Then, they were exposed for 5 min to rosemary extract (200 mg/mL). Saline (0.9% NaCl) was used as control. After, washes were done with saline to remove the non-adhered cells. Biofilm viability was checked by MTT colorimetric assay, after treatment. Absorbance of the wells was read in microplate spectrophotometer (570 nm) and data were converted to reduction percentage and statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: After application of rosemary extract, with exception of the E. faecalis biofilm, significant reductions in mono- and polymicrobial biofilms viability were observed. Conclusion: C. albicans, S. aureus, S. mutans and P. aeruginosa monomicrobial biofilms were affected by rosemary extract, as well as C. albicans associated with S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. mutans or P. aeruginosa in polymicrobial biofilms, presenting significant viability reductions. (AU)
Subject(s)
Dental Plaque , Feasibility Studies , RosmarinusABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the slime production and evaluate the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Syzygium cumini (jambolan) glycolic extracts, and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) in biofilms formed by strains of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus - CPS and coagulase negative Staphylococcus - CNS isolated from the oral cavity. Material and Methods: Slime production was evaluated by two methods: the color of colony presented in Congo red agar, and through the amount of slime adhered to polystyrene. Biofilms were grown in acrylic resin discs immersed in broth, inoculated with microbial suspension (106 cells/ml) and incubated at 37°C/48 h. After formation, the biofilms were exposed for 5 minutes to glycol extracts, CHX or saline solution. The viability of biofilms was determined by counting the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) in agar, and analyzed statistically by Tukey test (p< 0.05). Results: The strains S. aureus, S. schleiferi and S. epidermidis obtained the highest values of slime adhered to polystyrene. R. officinalis promoted reductions ranging from 12.1% to 78.7% in biofilms formed by isolates of CPS, and 9.2% to 73.7% in the biofilms of CNS. S. cumini reduced 12% to 55.7% in biofilms of CPS, and 7.9% to 71.5% in biofilms of CNS. With exception of S. saprophyticus, glycol extracts produced significant reductions in biofilms. For five isolates studied, R. officinalis produced greater reductions than CHX. Conclusion: R. officinalis and S. cumini showed effective antibiofilm activity against isolates that showed slime production.(AU)
Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a produção de slime e avaliar os efeitos dos extratos glicólicos de Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim), Syzygium cumini (jambolão) e 0,12% de clorexidina (CLX) em biofilmes formados por cepas de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo (SCP) e Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (SCN) da cavidade oral. Material e Métodos: A produção de slime foi avaliada por dois métodos: a cor da colônia apresentada em ágar vermelho Congo e pela quantidade de slime aderido ao poliestireno. Os biofilmes foram crescidos em discos de resina acrílica imersos em caldo, inoculados com suspensão microbiana (106 células/ml) e incubados a 37°C/48h. Após a formação, os biofilmes foram expostos durante 5 minutos aos extractos glicólicos, CLX ou solução salina. A viabilidade dos biofilmes foi determinada pela contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias por mililitro (UFC/ml) em ágar e analisada estatisticamente pelo teste de Tukey (p< 0,05). Resultados: As cepas S. aureus, S. schleiferi e S. epidermidis obtiveram os maiores valores de aderência ao poliestireno. R. officinalis promoveu reduções variando de 12,1% a 78,7% em biofilmes formados por isolados de SCP e 9,2% a 73,7% nos biofilmes de SCN. S. cumini reduziu de 12% a 55,7% nos biofilmes de SCP, e 7,9% a 71,5% nos biofilmes de SCN. Com exceção de S. saprophyticus, os extratos glicólicos produziram reduções estatísticas nos biofilmes. Para cinco isolados estudados, R. officinalis produziu maiores reduções do que CLX. Conclusão: R. officinalis e S. cumini mostraram atividade antibiofilme efetiva contra isolados que apresentaram produção de slime.(AU)
Subject(s)
Biofilms , Rosmarinus , Staphylococcus , SyzygiumABSTRACT
Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize mupirocin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules using two different oils and to develop and validate an analytical method for quantitative determination by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean size of the nanoparticles was 233.05 nm and 275.03 nm for nanocapsules with a rosemary oil like oily core and caprylic/capric triglyceride, respectively, and a good polydispersity index below 0.25 for both formulations. The nanocapsules showed good stability when stored at 40 ºC and room temperature for 30 days. The quantitative method was performed with a mobile phase consisting of ammonium ammonium acetate (0.05 M adjusted to pH 5.0 with acetic acid) and acetonitrile 60:40 (v/v); the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, UV detection at 230 nm. The analytical method was linear in the range of 5.0-15.0 µg/mL, specific for both oils, accurate, precise (intermediate precision RSD = 1.68% and repeatability RSD = 0.81%) and robust under the evaluated conditions. Therefore, this method can be performed for quantification of mupirocin in polymeric nanocapsules containing both oils.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Mupirocin/pharmacology , Rosmarinus/classification , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/instrumentation , Nanocapsules/analysisABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing an alcoholic extract of rosemary on oral bacteria, compared to a commercially available herbal dentifrice. Standard strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) were used, as well as different toothpastes based on rosemary (TR), on propolis (TH), triclosan (positive control) (TPC) and non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control) (TNC). Bacteria were seeded in Petri dishes and paper discs soaked with dilutions of dentifrice placed on the plates. The inhibition halos were analyzed. It was observed that TR did not show statistical difference in relation to the TH to inhibit S. mutans and S. oralis, while TH was more active against L. rhamnosus. The toothpaste containing rosemary extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans, S. oralis and L. rhamnosus, revealing an antimicrobial activity similar to commercially available toothpastes for inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis.
Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de um dentifrício extrato alcoólico de alecrim sobre bactérias orais, comparando-o a um dentifrício herbal disponível no mercado. Cepas padrão de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) e Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) foram utilizadas, bem como diferentes dentifrícios à base de alecrim (TR), própolis (TH), triclosan (controle positivo) (TPC) e sem flúor (controle negativo) (TNC). Placas de Petri foram inoculadas com as bactérias e discos de papel embebidos com diluições de cada dentifrício foram colocados nas placas. Em seguida, foram analisados os halos de inibição. Observou-se que o TR não mostrou diferença estatística em relação ao TH para inibição dos S. mutans e S. oralis, enquanto TH foi mais ativo contra L. rhamnosus. O dentifrício contendo extrato de alecrim foi capaz de inibir o crescimento de S. mutans, S. oralis e L. rhamnosus, revelando uma atividade antimicrobiana semelhante ao dentifrício disponível comercialmente na inibição de S. mutans e S. oralis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Dentifrices , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rosmarinus/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) are known to have antimicrobial properties, but studies on sporotrichosis are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Sporothrix spp. activity of essential oils from commercial products and oils extracted from aerial parts of these plants and analyze their chemical constituents. S. schenckii complex and S. brasiliensis (n: 25) isolated from humans, cats, dogs, and environmental soil were tested through M27-A3 guidelines of CLSI with modification for phytotherapics. The essential oils of R. officinalis L. were similar for MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL for extracted oil; and 4.5mg/mL and 9mg/mL, respectively, for commercial oil. Both products showed MIC90 of 18mg/mL and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. In O. vulgare L., the extracted oil had better activity with MIC50 and MFC50 ≤2.25mg/mL, and MIC90 and MFC90 of 4.5mg/mL, whereas the commercial oil showed MIC50 and MFC50 of 9mg/mL and MIC90 18mg/mL, respectively, and MFC90 of 36mg/mL. Through gas chromatography (CG/FID), thymol and α-terpinene were majority for extracted oil of O. vulgare L., and carvacrol and γ-terpinene made up the majority of the commercial oil. Both essential oils of R. officinalis L. showed 1,8-cineole and α-pinene as major. The fungal isolates were susceptible to all tested essential oils, including in itraconazole-resistant S. brasiliensis isolates. The extracted and commercial oils of the plants presented in vitro anti-Sporothrix spp. activity, and they are promising for treatment of sporotrichosis, including in cases refractory to itraconazole. More studies should be performed about toxicity and in vivo efficacy for its safe use.(AU)
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (alecrim) e Origanum vulgare L. (orégano) são conhecidos pelas propriedades antimicrobianas, entretanto seus estudos na esporotricose são escassos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade anti-Sporothrix spp. de óleos extraídos e comerciais dessas plantas e analisar seus constituintes químicos. Isolados do complexo S. schenckii e S. brasiliensis (n: 25) de humanos, gatos, cães e solo, foram testados pela diretriz M27-A3 do CLSI com modificações para fitoterápicos. Os óleos de R. officinalis L. foram similares com CIM50 e CFM50 ≤2.25mg/mL para extraído; e 4.5mg/mL e 9mg/mL, respectivamente, para comercial. Ambos os produtos demonstraram CIM90 de 18mg/mL e CFM90 de 36mg/mL. Em O. vulgare L., o óleo extraído apresentou melhor atividade com CIM50 e CFM50≤2.25mg/mL e CIM90 e CFM90 de 4.5mg/mL, ao passo que o óleo comercial mostrou CIM50 e CFM50 de 9mg/mL; e CIM90 de 18mg/mL e CFM90 de 36mg/mL. Por meio da cromatografia gasosa (CG/FID), timol e α-terpineno foram majoritários para o óleo extraído de O. vulgare L., e carvacrol e γ-terpineno para o comercial. Ambos os óleos de R. officinalis L. apresentaram 1,8-cineol e α-pineno como prevalentes. Os isolados foram sensíveis a todos os óleos essenciais testados, inclusive S. brasiliensis, resistentes ao itraconazol. Os óleos extraídos e comerciais de R. officinalis L. e O. vulgare L. apresentaram atividade anti-Sporothrix spp. in vitro e são promissores para o tratamento da esporotricose, inclusive em casos refratários ao itraconazol. Mais estudos devem ser realizados sobre toxicidade e eficácia in vivo para seu uso seguro.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Lamiaceae , Origanum , Rosmarinus , Sporotrichosis/prevention & control , Mycoses/prevention & control , Mycoses/veterinaryABSTRACT
Abstract Despite recent advances in food production technology, food-borne diseases (FBD) remain a challenging public health concern. In several countries, including Brazil, Clostridium perfringens is among the five main causative agents of food-borne diseases. The present study determines antimicrobial activities of essential oils of six condiments commonly used in Brazil, viz., Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), Origanum majorana L. (marjoram), Mentha × piperita L. var. Piperita (peppermint), Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) and Pimpinella anisum L. (anise) against C. perfringens strain A. Chemical compositions of the oils were determined by GC–MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry). The identities of the isolated compounds were established from the respective Kováts indices, and a comparison of mass spectral data was made with those reported earlier. The antibacterial activity was assessed from minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration values were 1.25 mg mL-1 for thyme, 5.0 mg mL-1 for basil and marjoram, and 10 mg mL-1 for rosemary, peppermint and anise. All oils showed bactericidal activity at their minimum inhibitory concentration, except anise oil, which was only bacteriostatic. The use of essential oils from these common spices might serve as an alternative to the use of chemical preservatives in the control and inactivation of pathogens in commercially produced food systems.
Subject(s)
Plant Oils/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Clostridium perfringens/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Plant Oils/analysis , Brazil , Oils, Volatile/analysis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Clostridium perfringens/growth & development , Ocimum basilicum/chemistry , Rosmarinus/chemistry , Origanum/chemistry , Thymus Plant/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysisABSTRACT
As a culinary and medicinal herb, rosemary is widely used. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of rosemary extracts on metabolic diseases and the underlying mechanisms of action. Liver cells stably expressing SREBP reporter were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of different fractions of rosemary extracts on SREBP activity. The obese mice induced by Western-type diet were orally administered with rosemary extracts or vehicle for 7 weeks, the plasma and tissue lipids were analyzed. SREBPs and their target genes were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. We demonstrated that the petroleum ether sub-fraction of rosemary extracts (PER) exhibited the best activity in regulating lipid metabolism by inhibiting SREBPs, while water and n-BuOH sub-fraction showed the SREBPs agonist-effect. After PER treatment, there was a significant reduction of total SREBPs in liver cells. PER not only decreased SREBPs nuclear abundance, but also inhibited their activity, resulting in decreased expression of SREBP-1c and SREBP-2 target genes in vitro and in vivo. Inhibiting SREBPs by PER decreased the total triglycerides and cholesterol contents of the liver cells. In the mice fed with Western-type diet, PER treatment decreased TG, TC, ALT, glucose, and insulin in blood, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, PER treatment also decreased lipid contents in liver, brown adipose tissue, and white adipose tissue. Our results from the present study suggested that petroleum ether fraction of rosemary extracts exhibited the best potential of improving lipid metabolism by inhibiting SREBPs activity.